2008년 10월 25일 토요일
2008년 10월 23일 목요일
2008년 10월 18일 토요일
2008년 10월 11일 토요일
Asia, too, feels the pain
Can a region like Asia - with more than $3 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, high savings rates, mostly well-capitalized banks and minimal exposure to American mortgage-backed securities - run into trouble during a global financial crisis?
The answer Friday was a resounding yes.
Stock markets plunged from Tokyo to Mumbai. Real estate prices are tumbling from Seoul to New Delhi. The economy in Singapore has tipped into recession, and there is growing evidence of a recession in Japan, where an unlisted insurer and a real estate investment trust filed for bankruptcy Friday.
From UBS to Morgan Stanley, investment banks have been warning in the past week of a global economic downturn. For Asia, that sounds uncomfortably like a forecast that economic slowdowns in the United States and Europe will cripple demand for Asia's exports and pull the region down into recession as well.
What went wrong? As the biggest beneficiary of the rise in global trade, Asia depends heavily on exports to the West. Everything from corporate earnings to real estate prices depends on a steady inflow of dollars and euros.
Growth in exports has slowed to a crawl or started declining across most of the region when calculated in local currency terms and adjusted for inflation. And that is even before Western stores have had a chance to cut back their orders in response to the sort of steep declines in sales that American retailers announced on Wednesday.
India announced Friday that industrial production in August was 1.3 percent higher than a year earlier. That was a drastic deceleration from July, when the growth rate was 7.4 percent.
In Korea, exporters are suddenly struggling.
"The problem is the global recession - people don't buy consumer electronics, this means less exports and fewer dollars for us," said Choi Hae Pyong, an electronics parts manufacturer south of Seoul. "It's like walking in a thick fog."
As long as the region kept exporting and kept saving the proceeds, investors bid up real estate and share prices that now seem to have a long way to fall.
Matthew Au, a luxury real estate broker in Hong Kong, said that this past week had been even worse than the days after the Tiananmen Square killings on June 4, 1989, which briefly shattered business confidence here.
"I've been through June 4th, the 1997 financial crises and SARS, but this time around, the decline in housing prices has been the most abrupt," he said. "Sellers of properties are now more willing to consider offers which come in 20 to 30 percent below their asking prices."
As global financial markets increasingly look to each other for direction, lack of confidence in financial institutions and housing markets in the West has also proved contagious in Asia. The Asian news media, often focused on economics instead of potentially touchy political issues, have been full of reports in the past three weeks about failing banks and falling real estate prices, and that has fed through into local markets.
An outflow of Western investment has also played a role in Asia's decline now, although foreign investment has become less important in much of the region as Asia has become a formidable saver in its own right.
In Malaysia, foreign investors held nearly a third of Malaysia's national debt until they started selling this summer to raise money so as to cover losses in other markets.
In Korea, foreign investors sold $29 billion in the first nine months of this year. This was an important reason why the country's foreign exchange reserves have slipped to a still formidable $239.7 billion last month from $264.2 billion in March.
Many in Asia now despair of help from the West, and are looking to Beijing.
"The United States is beyond saving - our only hope rests with China," said Dick Chen, a middle-aged manager in a pin striped blue shirt and carrying an ultraslim modern mobile phone who watched the markets with dismay after lunch in a trading room of Tai Fook Securities in Hong Kong.
Can China save Asia? For the past six years, the Chinese economy has been like an enormously powerful hound that has charged ahead despite every obstacle. Worried that the economy may overheat and accelerate inflation, Beijing officials have run a budget surplus, repeatedly raised interest rates and even required banks to deposit a remarkable one-sixth of their entire assets as reserves at the central bank to slow lending.
Now Beijing is trying to loosen the leash it has had on the economy by cutting interest rates and taxes and lowering reserve requirements. But the government is finding the economy already looks a little out of breath as exports slow.
Economists see annual growth slowing from 12 percent a year ago to 8 or 9 percent this winter. That is still respectable by most countries' standards, but a shock for many Chinese, particularly workers losing their jobs in factories producing mainly for export markets.
For Asia, this is the crisis that was never supposed to happen again.
The region was deeply scarred by the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and 1998.
Dozens of banks failed after lending too much with too little capital, while profligate governments found that they had borrowed too much overseas and could not repay their debts.
That led to a rapid contraction of credit that bankrupted many industrial companies and caused a steep decline in economic output and a surge in unemployment - the same fate that may now await the United States and Europe, many economists and investors fear.
Southeast Asian economies have never entirely recovered. After a drop of nearly 10 percent on Friday, the main index of the Thai stock market closed at 452, a quarter of its high in 1994.
Most of Asia emerged from that crisis with more cautious banks, stricter financial regulation, a tighter rein on government spending and a strong determination to accumulate. But while Asia broke its dependence on capital flows from the West, the dependence on exports remained.
Yet Asia's frugality over the past decade has given the region a lot more room to maneuver than most Western countries.
South Korea and India are often cited by economists as the two most vulnerable economies in Asia.
South Korea is drawing attention because its trade deficit, by the broadest measure possible, was $4.7 billion in August, after mostly surpluses before that. Korean exports of manufactured goods have slumped even as the cost of its oil-dominated imports have surged - although falling oil prices now will help.
The South Korean won showed the steepest decline of any Asian currency against the dollar on Friday morning, falling more than 3 percent.
But the won soared on Friday afternoon, with a gain for the day of 6.3 percent. The reason? Widespread rumors that the government would start spending part of the country's huge foreign exchange reserves to prop up the won.
The South Korean government only owes $334 million in foreign debt repayments by the end of next year, or 0.14 percent of foreign exchange reserves, according to a recent study of emerging market debt by ING. Big Korean exporters like Samsung, hobbled for lack of foreign currency reserves in 1997, have hoarded formidable reserves of dollars.
Corporate debt repayments are a little larger, and also harder to calculate. But since all of Asia only owes $31 billion in debt repayments through the end of last year, South Korea's share is tiny relative to its foreign reserves.
India was one of the few countries in Asia to escape the financial crisis a decade ago, because it was just starting to embrace international markets then. It did not adopt the same tight bank regulatory standards and tough fiscal policies as the rest of Asia after that crisis.
That has prompted some economists, like Ajay Kapur at Mirae Asset and Takahira Ogawa at Standard and Poor's, to express particular concern about India's preparedness for the current crisis. While India has $295.3 billion in foreign exchange reserves, it is running a large government budget deficit and a large trade deficit while its banks have lent very aggressively to a real estate sector that is now tumbling quickly.
With an election expected early next year, Indian leaders have been much more upbeat about their country's prospects than most Asian leaders.
Policy makers in India have also subscribed to the idea that their economy has "decoupled" from Western economies, an idea that most economists and policy makers in Asia rejected many months ago.
"India is not from any other planet," said a posting on an Indian web site this week. "This common logic is ignored by our policy makers."
Choe Sang-Hun in Seoul, Carlos H. Conde in Manila, Thomas Fuller in Bangkok, Anand Giridharadas in Mumbai and Hilda Wang in Hong Kong also contributed reporting.
2008년 10월 10일 금요일
잉크 브랜드별 색상옵션, PH, 내수성, 내광성입니다.
** 내광성 : 햇빛에 노출되도 색이 바래지 않는 정도
| 제조사 | 색상이름 | PH | 내수성 | 내광성 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 쉐퍼 | 블랙 | ? | ? | ? |
| 블루 | 6.3 | 매우약함 | 적당함 | |
| 펠리칸 | 레벨5잉크 | ? | ? | ? |
| 4001 블랙 | 8.2 | 좋음 | 좋음 | |
| 4001 블루블랙 | 2.1 | 적당함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 로얄블루 | 3.0 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 로얄블루 1897 | 3.0 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 터키옥색 | 8.2 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 그린 | 7.6 | 매우약함 | 약함 | |
| 4001 레드 | 8.8 | 매우약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 바이올렛 | 3.1 | 매우약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 4001 브라운 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 크로스 | 블랙 | 8.2 | 좋음 | 좋음 |
| 블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 자바 | 블랙 | ? | ? | ? |
| 블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 파카 | 블랙 | 3.0 | 적당함 | 적당함 |
| 블루블랙 | 2.7 | 적당함 | 매우약함 | |
| 블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 워셔블 블루 | 3.0 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 라미 | 블랙 | 4.3 | 약함 | 적당함 |
| 블루블랙 | 2.1 | 좋음 | 약함 | |
| 블루 | 2.3 | 적당함 | 매우약함 | |
| 터키옥색 | 5.2 | 매우약함 | 적당함 | |
| 그린 | 6.1 | 약함 | 적당함 | |
| 레드 | 8.0 | 적당함 | 매우약함 | |
| 워터맨 | 블랙 | 2.9 | 약함 | 적당함 |
| 블루블랙 | 3.0 | 약함 | 약함 | |
| 플로리다 블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 사우스씨 블루 | 3.1 | 약함 | 약함 | |
| 그린 | 2.9 | 약함 | 적당함 | |
| 레드 | 7.9 | 매우약함 | 좋음 | |
| 퍼플 | 2.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 하바나 | 7.0 | 약함 | 좋음 | |
| 그라폰 | 블랙 | ? | ? | ? |
| 로얄블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 델타 | 블랙 | 4.3 | 약함 | 좋음 |
| 블루 | 2.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 그린 | 2.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 레드 | 7.8 | 매우약함 | 적당함 | |
| 옐로우 | 5.6 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 브라운 | 2.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 세일러 | 나노잉크(극흑) | ? | ? | ? |
| 블랙 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 블루블랙 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 그린 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 레드 브라운 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 옐로우 오렌지 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 브라운 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 그레이 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 프라이빗 리저브 | 벨벳 블랙 | 7.7 | 적당함 | 좋음 |
| 레이크 플래시드 블루 | 6.3 | 약함 | 약함 | |
| 소닉 블루 | ? | 좋음 | 적당함 | |
| 블루 스웨이드 | 6.0 | 약함 | 적당함 | |
| 셔우드 그린 | 6.6 | 매우약함 | 매우좋음 | |
| 스피어민트 | 5.8 | 약함 | 좋음 | |
| 아보카도 | 6.7 | 약함 | 좋음 | |
| 피에스타 레드 | 6.6 | 약함 | 매우좋음 | |
| 캔디애플 레드 | 3.8 | 적당함 | 매우약함 | |
| 버블껌 | 5.4 | 좋음 | 매우약함 | |
| 오렌지 크러쉬 | ? | 좋음 | 매우좋음 | |
| 버터컵 | 7.2 | 매우약함 | 매우좋음 | |
| 코퍼 버스트 | 7.5 | 적당함 | 약함 | |
| 블랙 체리 | ? | 매우좋음 | 매우좋음 | |
| 까렌다쉬 | 블랙 | 8.0 | 적당함 | 좋음 |
| 블루 | 2.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 터키옥색 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 듀퐁 | 블랙 | 4.4 | 적당함 | 매우좋음 |
| 로얄블루 | 3.4 | 약함 | 약함 | |
| 몽블랑 | 블랙 | 3.4 | 매우약함 | 약함 |
| 블루블랙 | 2.2 | 좋음 | 약함 | |
| 로얄블루 | 3.0 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 터키옥색 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 보르도 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 쥬땜므 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 오로라 | 블랙 | 4.3 | 좋음 | 매우좋음 |
| 블루 | 2.8 | 적당함 | 적당함 | |
| 비스콘티 | 블랙 | 7.8 | 좋음 | 매우좋음 |
| 라피스블루 | 1.7 | 약함 | 매우약함 | |
| 터키블루 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 헌터그린 | ? | ? | ? | |
| 버건디(루비레드, 보르도) | 2.0 | 매우약함 | 적당함 | |
| 브라운(세피아) | 8.5 | 적당함 | 적당함 |
** 표의 내용은 펜갤러리아의 잉크상세정보를 정리한 것입니다.
** 색상 이름 앞의 색상표시는 대략의 계열일뿐 정확한 색이 아닙니다.
(정확한 색상을 알려주시면 표를 수정하겠습니다.
물음표의 내용도 아는분 계시면 올려주세요.)
초안자 : naver 파랑매
2008년 10월 9일 목요일
고시용 필기구를 고르는 법
고시용 만년필이라면 필기구로서 극한의 상황에서 신뢰할 수 있는 성능을 유지할 수 있는, 연약한 어린 아이나 거동이 느긋한 어르신 같은 펜이 아니라 전쟁터에 내보낼 수 있는 씩씩한 청년같은 만년필이어야 합니다.
그래서 일단 생각나는 펜 몇자루는.. (그리고 강의실에서 봤던 수험생들의 펜.)
펠리칸 m200부터 m800까지. 배럴이 잉크저장통 역할을 해서 잉크가 많이 들어가는게 강점!
m400,600시리즈>>> m200> m800
라미 3만원대 모델들. 촉이 스뎅인데도 금촉처럼 소프트한 필감을 준다. 잉크흐름이 뛰어난듯 함.
일본브랜드 세일러나 빠이롯, 플래티넘은 너무 세필에 낭창거려서 비추.
몽블랑은 살짝 무거운 모델들이 대부분이고 글씨체가 매우 두껍게 나옴. 글씨가 굵직굵직한 사람이라면 추천하겠지만.. 일반적이지 않다.
2008년 10월 8일 수요일
선물의 의미, 알고주자!
좋은 뜻만 추려봤어요.
초콜릿 - 당신을 사랑합니다.
사탕 - 당신을 좋아합니다.
꽃 - 내마음을 당신께 바칩니다.
향수 - 나를 잊지 마세요.
화장품 - 당신의 아름다움을 위하여
향초 - 영원한 사랑을 위하여
반지 - 넌 내꺼야! 결혼해 주세요.
목걸이 - 내 마음의 반을 당신께 드립니다.
시계 - 우리의 만남을 소중히 생각해 주세요.
라이타 - 당신은 나의 첫사랑입니다.
넥타이핀 - 당신을 소유하고 싶어요.
옷 - 당신을 꾸며주고 싶어요.
속옷/잠옷 - 당신의 사랑을 느끼고 싶어요.
허리띠 - 당신을 영원히 묶어두고 싶어요.
지갑 - 내겐 돈보다 당신이 더 소중합니다.
열쇠고리 - 당신께 행운이 가득하길...
인형 - 인형처럼 절 생각하고 안아주세요.
스카프 - 영원히 사랑해요.
모자 - 나를 감싸주세요.
목도리 - 당신과 이별할것 같네요
하지만 당신은 내 맘속에 있답니다.
장갑 - 좀 더 제게 친절히 대해주세요.
만년필 - 당신의 성공을 기원합니다.
볼펜 - 내 마음에 당신을 새기고 싶어요.
액자 - 사진을 볼 때마다 절 생각하세요.
일기장 - 우리의 추억을 영원히 간직해 주세요.
쿠션 - 당신은 나의 이상형 입니다.
베개 - 당신과 함께 밤을 지새우고 싶습니다.
목각인형 - 좀 더 진실한 당신을 원합니다.
껌 - 오래 사귀고 싶어요.
손수건 - 이별후에 우리의 만남을 기억해 주세요.
,,
내가 줬던 선물에 말하고 싶었던 뜻이 이미 담겨있었다.
